[雙語翻譯]交通運(yùn)輸外文翻譯--實(shí)現(xiàn)交通管理可持續(xù)性的途徑

1、4500 英文單詞， 英文單詞，25800 英文字符，中文 英文字符，中文 7950 字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Boltze M, Tuan, Vu Anh. Approaches to Achieve Sustainability in Traffic Management[C]// Proceeedings of the Conference ?science and Technology Application in Constru

2、ction, Operation and Maintenance of Transport Infrastructure System. 2016:204-211.Approaches to Achieve Sustainability in Traffic ManagementManfred Boltze, Vu Anh TuanAbstractMegacities over the developing world have bee

3、n facing increased traffic problems, including congestions, pollutions and accidents, which strongly call for a sustainable traffic management with clearly predefined goals and objectives. This paper aims to set a framew

4、ork for traffic management and ITS applications in urban areas to help address the traffic problems at regional level. Ten potential approaches to achieve sustainability in traffic management are formulated based on inte

5、rnational experience. It highlights the role, functions and applications of Intelligent Transport Systems in the various approaches to achieve sustainability.Keywords: Transport problems; sustainability; traffic manageme

6、nt; intelligent transport systems1. Introduction1.1 Transport problems in developing countriesEvery country in the developing world is facing transport problems in capacity, safety, environmental compatibility, and econ

7、omic efficiency. The problems are significant for both passenger and freight transport. Vietnam does have such problems. Traffic congestions, traffic accidents, and environmental pollutions are challenging the sustainabl

8、e development of the country. In major cities like Hochiminh City and Hanoi, motorcycles are dominating transport and traffic systems [1]. Motorcycle ownership has been increasing at more than 10% per year for the last t

9、wo decades, so the ownership rate is currently 400 motorcycles per 1,000 people, taking the second rank in the world after Taiwan, about 700 motorcycles per 1,000 people [2]. Road infrastructure is limited and growing sl

10、owly. In Hochiminh City, land area for transport accounts for less than 2% of the total urban area, thus causing traffic congestions. Time loss per year due to congestions was estimated to be 23 trillion VND (equivalent

11、to 1.2 billion USD) [3]. Furthermore, traffic fatality rate is extremely high; about 13.4 deaths per 100,000 population and motorcycles are involved in 75% of the total accidents [2]. Traffic is one of the main causes to

12、 environmental pollutions in the country. Vehicular exhausts, such as SO2, HC, NO2, and PM, are seriously causing health problems. According to Healthcare Ministry of Vietnam, about 4.1% of the population were suffering

13、from lung diseases, 3.8% pharyngitis and tonsillitis, and 3.1% bronchitis and bronchiolitis, the emission from vehicles is one of the major causes for these diseases. These problems constrain economic growth and social d

14、evelopment of the country. Figure 1 presents various transport problems. If we put them together to a whole picture, we cannot see the transport system that we aim for and which is required by a prosperous society that o

15、ffers a high quality of life to their citizens. Therefore, it is obvious that transport problems need a due attention.As any planned activity, traffic management should follow a specific goal concept for traffic and tr

16、ansport. Figure 2 presents a hierarchical goal concept, including four basic upper goals: mobility needs, traffic safety, environmental protection, and economic efficiency. Usually, there are different stakeholders invol

17、ving in the discussion of measures for traffic management, such as municipality, general public, travellers, companies, urban services, and contractors. It is important to note that there is usually no difference the goa

18、ls and objectives as perceived by different stakeholders, but the weight they give to each of the goals and objectives may be different, depending on their views and perspectives. Therefore, it is important to develop a

19、common understanding of these weights for the goals and objectives in our society.Satisfaction of mobility needs – the first upper goal – means that we need to ensure the mobility for all transport demands in the coverag

20、e area. This goal might be divided into four sub goals, including strengthening public transport and non-motorized transport to provide more choices to the travellers, increasing the capacity of transport supply, and enh

21、ancing productivity and efficiency of transport supply [1]. Improvement of traffic safety – the second upper goal – means that we need to ensure safety for all traffic movements performed by diverse transport facilities

22、and services. This goal can be divided into sub goals, such as reductions in number of traffic accidents and accident severity. Conversation of natural resources and reduction of environmental pollutions – the third uppe

23、r goal–may include the following sub goals, namely reduction in air pollutions and noise from transport, reduction in energy use for transport, reduction in green house gas, climate protection, and reduction in urban lan

24、d use for building transport infrastructures and facilities. Improvement of economic efficiency of the city and region – the fourth upper goal – can be divided into three sub goals, including reduction in total transport

25、 and logistics costs, increase in economic productivity and efficiency, and improvement in economic attractiveness of the city and region.To pursue the goals and objectives, there are mainly three strategies for managing

26、 traffic (Figure 3), Traffic Avoiding strategy comprises measures to reduce the total traffic demand in a targeted area. The number of trips per day is one of the main criteria used for evaluating the impact of this stra

27、tegy. Traffic Shifting strategy includes measures to switch traffic demand between different modes, time windows, destinations, and routes. Modal split, demand distribution by time, and changes in origin-destination tran

28、sport demand are main criteria used for impact evaluation. Traffic Control strategy consists of measures that aim to guide and control the movements of vehicles over time and space with an aim to improve traffic safety a

29、nd efficiency. A ratio between actual traffic volume and designed capacity, average traffic speed, total vehicle delay time, frequency of traffic accidents, and accident severity are the main criteria to examine the impa