電子商務(wù)發(fā)展外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　外文原文</b></p><p>　　The Development of E-commerce </p><p>　　Value creation in e-business Amit R, Zott C. Value</p><p>　　E-commerce from the English ELECTRO

2、NIC COMMERCE, abbreviated as EC. The contents of two, the first electronic, and the other is commercial and trading activities. E-commerce can be seen as simply the use of simple, fast, low-cost electronic means of commu

3、nication are not met buyers and sellers to conduct a variety of business activities. INTERNET With the technology become more sophisticated, the real development of e-commerce will be built on the INTERNET technology. Th

4、erefore, e-commerce can b</p><p>　　E-commerce in China began in 1997. Chinese goods orders for the system (CGOS), China Commodities Trading Center (CCEC), a virtual "Fair" and other large-scale e-c

5、ommerce projects have been launched in 1997, China has opened the prelude to the e-commerce. In 1998, "the capital of e-commerce project" launched in 1999 and "8848 on-line supermarket", marks the beg

6、inning of Chinese e-commerce into the period of rapid growth, Chinese e-commerce which "officially started." </p><p>　　In recent years, China's e-commerce although speculation is in full swing,

7、 but the actual promotion process, but also the effect of e-commerce remain at the primary level, in particular the relevant laws and regulations are imperfect, the social credit system have yet to be improved in the To

8、a certain extent, impeded the development of e-commerce. By recalling China's development of e-commerce, e-commerce on the current situation, problems, analyze the causes, and put forward solutions to this </p>

9、<p>　　When the technology bubble burst in 2000, the crazy valuations for online companies vanished with it, and many businesses folded. The survivors plugged on as best they could, encouraged by the growing number

10、 of internet users. Now valuations are rising again and some of the dotcoms are making real profits, but the business world has become much more cautious about the internet’s potential. The funny thing is that the wild p

11、redictions made at the height of the boom—namely, that vast chunks of the</p><p>　　The raw numbers tell only part of the story. According to America’s Department of Commerce, online retail sales in the world

12、’s biggest market last year rose by 26%, to $55 billion. That sounds a lot of money, but it amounts to only 1.6% of total retail sales. The vast majority of people still buy most things in the good old “bricks-and-mortar

13、” world. </p><p>　　But the commerce department’s figures deal with only part of the retail industry. For instance, they exclude online travel services, one of the most successful and fastest-growing sectors

14、of e-commerce. InterActiveCorp (IAC), the owner of expedia.com and hotels.com, alone sold $10 billion-worth of travel last year—and it has plenty of competition, not least from airlines, hotels and car-rental companies,

15、all of which increasingly sell online. </p><p>　　Nor do the figures take in things like financial services, ticket-sales agencies, pornography (a $2 billion business in America last year, according to Adult

16、Video News, a trade magazine), online dating and a host of other activities, from tracing ancestors to gambling (worth perhaps $6 billion worldwide). They also leave out purchases in grey markets, such as the online phar

17、macies that are thought to be responsible for a good proportion of the $700m that Americans spent last year on buying cut-</p><p>　　And there is more. The commerce department’s figures include the fees earne

18、d by internet auction sites, but not the value of goods that are sold: an astonishing $24 billion-worth of trade was done last year on eBay, the biggest online auctioneer. Nor, by definition, do they include the billions

19、 of dollars-worth of goods bought and sold by businesses connecting to each other over the internet. Some of these B2B services are proprietary; for example, Wal-Mart tells its suppliers that they must use</p><

20、;p>　　So e-commerce is already very big, and it is going to get much bigger. But the actual value of transactions currently concluded online is dwarfed by the extraordinary influence the internet is exerting over purch

21、ases carried out in the offline world. That influence is becoming an integral part of e-commerce. </p><p>　　To start with, the internet is profoundly changing consumer behaviour. One in five customers walkin

22、g into a Sears department store in America to buy an electrical appliance will have researched their purchase online—and most will know down to a dime what they intend to pay. More surprisingly, three out of four America

23、ns start shopping for new cars online, even though most end up buying them from traditional dealers. The difference is that these customers come to the showroom armed with informati</p><p>　　Half of the 60m

24、consumers in Europe who have an internet connection bought products offline after having investigated prices and details online, according to a study by Forrester, a research consultancy (see chart 1). Different countrie

25、s have different habits. In Italy and Spain, for instance, people are twice as likely to buy offline as online after researching on the internet. But in Britain and Germany, the two most developed internet markets, the n

26、umbers are evenly split. Forrester says that</p><p>　　People seem to enjoy shopping on the internet, if high customer-satisfaction scores are any guide. Websites are doing ever more and cleverer things to se

27、rve and entertain their customers, and seem set to take a much bigger share of people’s overall spending in the future. </p><p>　　This has enormous implications for business. http://www.guguji.cn A company t

28、hat neglects its website may be committing commercial suicide. A website is increasingly becoming the gateway to a company’s brand, products and services—even if the firm does not sell online. A useless website suggests

29、a useless company, and a rival is only a mouse-click away. But even the coolest website will be lost in cyberspace if people cannot find it, so companies have to ensure that they appear high up in intern</p><p

30、>　　For many users, a search site is now their point of entry to the internet. The best-known search engine has already entered the lexicon: people say they have “Googled” a company, a product or their plumber. The sea

31、rch business has also developed one of the most effective forms of advertising on the internet. And it is already the best way to reach some consumers: teenagers and young men spend more time online than watching televis

32、ion. All this means that search is turning into the internet’s nex</p><p>　　The other way to get noticed online is to offer goods and services through one of the big sites that already get a lot of traffic.

33、Ebay, Yahoo! and Amazon are becoming huge trading platforms for other companies. But to take part, a company’s products have to stand up to intense price competition. People check online prices, compare them with those i

34、n their local high street and may well take a peek at what customers in other countries are paying. Even if websites are prevented from shipping thei</p><p>　　What is going on here is arbitrage between diffe

35、rent sales channels, says Mohanbir Sawhney, professor of technology at the Kellogg School of Management in Chicago. For instance, someone might use the internet to research digital cameras, but visit a photographic shop

36、for a hands-on demonstration. “I’ll think about it,” they will tell the sales assistant. Back home, they will use a search engine to find the lowest price and buy online. In this way, consumers are “deconstructing the pu

37、rchasing pro</p><p>　　It is not only price transparency that makes internet consumers so powerful; it is also the way the net makes it easy for them to be fickle. If they do not like a website, they swiftly

38、move on. “The web is the most selfish environment in the world,” says Daniel Rosensweig, chief operating officer of Yahoo! “People want to use the internet whenever they want, how they want and for whatever they want.” &

39、lt;/p><p>　　Yahoo! is not alone in defining its strategy as working out what its customers (260m unique users every month) are looking for, and then trying to give it to them. The first thing they want is to be

40、come better informed about products and prices. “We operate our business on that belief,” says Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s chief executive. Amazon became famous for books, but long ago branched out into selling lots of other th

41、ings too; among its latest ventures are health products, jewellery and gourmet foo</p><p>　　And yet nobody thinks real shops are finished, especially those operating in niche markets. Many bricks-and-mortar

42、bookshops still make a good living, as do flea markets. But many record shops and travel agents could be in for a tougher time. Erik Blachford, the head of IAC’s travel side and boss of Expedia, the biggest internet trav

43、el agent, thinks online travel bookings in America could quickly move from 20% of the market to more than half. Mr Bezos reckons online retailers might capture 10-15</p><p>　　How will traditional shops respo

44、nd? Michael Dell, the founder of Dell, which leads the personal-computer market by selling direct to the customer, has long thought many shops will turn into showrooms. There are already signs of change on the high stree

45、t. The latest Apple and Sony stores are designed to display products, in the full expectation that many people will buy online. To some extent, the online and offline worlds may merge. Multi-channel selling could involve

46、 a combination of traditiona</p><p>　　One of the biggest commercial advantages of the internet is a lowering of transaction costs, which usually translates directly into lower prices for the consumer. So, if

47、 the lowest prices can be found on the internet and people like the service they get, why would they buy anywhere else? </p><p>　　One reason may be convenience; another, concern about fraud, which poses the

48、biggest threat to online trade. But as long as the internet continues to deliver price and product information quickly, cheaply and securely, e-commerce will continue to grow. Increasingly, companies will have to assume

49、that customers will know exactly where to look for the best buy. This market has the potential to become as perfect as it gets.</p><p><b>　　中文翻譯</b></p><p><b>　　電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展 </b&

50、gt;</p><p>　　電子商務(wù)的價(jià)值構(gòu)造 Amit R, Zott C. Value</p><p>　　電子商務(wù)源于英文ELECTRONIC COMMERCE，簡寫為EC。其內(nèi)容包含兩個方面，一是電子方式，二是商貿(mào)活動。電子商務(wù)簡單地可被視作是利用簡單、快捷、低成本的電子通訊方式，買賣雙方不謀面地進(jìn)行各種商貿(mào)活動。隨著INTERNET技術(shù)的日益成熟，電子商務(wù)真正的發(fā)展將

51、是建立在INTERNET技術(shù)上的。因此電子商務(wù)也可被看成是在因特網(wǎng)開放的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下，基于瀏覽器/服務(wù)器應(yīng)用方式，實(shí)現(xiàn)消費(fèi)者的網(wǎng)上購物、商戶之間的網(wǎng)上交易和在線電子支付的一種新型的商業(yè)運(yùn)營模式。 我國電子商務(wù)始于1997年。中國商品訂貨系統(tǒng)（CGOS）、中國商品交易中心（CCEC）、虛擬“廣交會”等大型電子商務(wù)項(xiàng)目在1997年相繼推出，拉開了中國電子商務(wù)的序幕。1998年“首都電子商務(wù)工程”的展開和1999年“8848網(wǎng)上超市”的

52、出現(xiàn)，標(biāo)志著中國電子商務(wù)開始進(jìn)入快速發(fā)展時期，中國電子商務(wù)由此“正式啟動”。 這幾年，我國的電子商務(wù)雖然炒得如火如荼，但在實(shí)際推廣過程中，其效果還只是停留在電子商務(wù)的初級水平上，特別是相關(guān)法律法規(guī)的不完善，社會的誠信體系仍待提高在一定程度上阻礙了電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展。本文通過回顧我國電子商</p><p>　　當(dāng)2009年科技泡沫爆發(fā)時，備受炒作的網(wǎng)上公司好象隨之蒸發(fā)了，眾多的網(wǎng)上貿(mào)易也被迫流產(chǎn)。劫后余生網(wǎng)上公

53、司無一不緊縮商務(wù)，好在與日俱增的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶在激勵著他們?，F(xiàn)在，對網(wǎng)上公司的評價(jià)又有所提高了，并且很多公司的確也已開始贏利了，但工商界還是謹(jǐn)慎地評價(jià)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的潛能。盡管如此，有人已大膽的預(yù)言：世界上大量經(jīng)濟(jì)巨頭不久都會以某種方式移師電腦空間。 據(jù)商務(wù)部不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)表明，去年網(wǎng)上零售額增加了26%，達(dá)到550億美元。這聽起來的確是一個很大的數(shù)目，但這僅相當(dāng)于全球零售業(yè)總額的1.6%。大部分的成年消費(fèi)者依然習(xí)慣于到“磚+混凝土”（bric

54、ks-and-mortar）的世界里消費(fèi)。 其實(shí)商務(wù)部公布的數(shù)字僅涉及部分產(chǎn)業(yè)。例如，該數(shù)字雖然包括了網(wǎng)上旅游服務(wù)，這一電子商務(wù)界最成功也是增長最快的行業(yè)之一。IAC (InterActiveCorp)，expedia 和 hotels兩個站的擁有者，去年僅它一家就有100億美元的營業(yè)額，包括航空業(yè)、賓館業(yè)、出租車公司在內(nèi)的競爭對手去年網(wǎng)上營業(yè)總額也有大幅攀升，但這些網(wǎng)上營業(yè)額攀升的企業(yè)在商務(wù)部的數(shù)字中并未得到體現(xiàn)。 同